Zero Trust
Zero Trust is a security model of "trust no one by default". Unlike the traditional approach where the internal network is considered safe, Zero Trust validates every request regardless of its origin — external or internal to the perimeter.
Principles
Verify explicitly — authenticate and authorise every request (user + device + context)
Least privilege — minimum necessary permissions, only for the needed duration
Assume breach — act as if an attacker is already inside. Minimise lateral movement
In practice
MFA for all users, including internal services
mTLS between microservices — mutual authentication
Network microsegmentation — services cannot freely communicate with each other
Continuous monitoring and logging of all connections
Tools
Google BeyondCorp, Cloudflare Access, HashiCorp Vault, Istio service mesh.